MEMIKIR ULANG NASIONALISME MELAYU DAN MALAYSIA: BANGSA JOHOR DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMUNITAS TERBAYANG DAN MODERNISME ASIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24903/fpb.v9i1.2866Keywords:
nationalism, Malaysia, Johor, imagined community, Asian modernsimAbstract
Hingga saat ini, konsep nasionalisme Malaysia masih menjadi bahan perdebatan, khususnya mengenai keseimbangan antara kewarganegaraan dan etnis. Tiga kelompok etnis utama—Bumiputera (pribumi), Tionghoa, dan India—telah lama berjuang demi keharmonian dan keadilan sosial-politik. Di tingkat akar rumput, terdapat peningkatan identitas nasional alternatif berdasarkan ikatan teritorial, seperti yang terlihat di Johor. Ide yang bermula dari istana ini berupaya meneruskan kejayaan masa lalu dalam masyarakat modern, namun hal ini mempunyai konsekuensi, khususnya mengenai konsep nasional identitas Melayu yang lebih luas. Melalui pendekatan sejarah, perkembangan monarki Johor dan peran ekonominya dalam masyarakat dikaji dengan menggunakan berbagai sumber primer dan sekunder. Menggunakan gagasan Anderson tentang komunitas terbayang dan konsep Blanc tentang modernisme Asia membantu kita memahami konteks sosial di balik kebangkitan semangat nasional alternatif ini. Munculnya wacana nasionalis Johor dapat dilihat sebagai upaya untuk mengkonsolidasikan kekuatan lembaga tradisional melawan kelompok di luar yang tidak pro kepadanya dengan membentuk kembali sejarah sebagai narasi sentral. Motivasi ekonomi adalah pendorong utama, yang dipicu oleh melemahnya persatuan politik Melayu di tingkat federal sejak pemilu tahun 2013 dan globalisasi karena kebangkitan ekononi Tiongkok.
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